MULTIKULTURAL VA INKLYUZIV TARIX TA’LIMI: TURLI MADANIYATLAR VA IJTIMOIY GURUHLAR TARIXINI O‘QITISHNING PEDAGOGIK IMKONIYATLARI
Abstract
Ushbu maqolada globallashuv davrida umumta’lim maktablarida tarix fanini multikultural va inklyuziv yondashuv asosida o‘qitish masalasi yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda James Banks tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan multikultural ta’limning beshta o‘lchovi (mazmun integratsiyasi, bilim qurilishi, xurofotni kamaytirish, tenglik pedagogikasi, maktab madaniyati va tuzilmasini kuchaytirish) hamda Peter Seixas va Sam Wineburg tomonidan taklif qilingan tarixiy tafakkur konsepsiyalari nazariy asos sifatida qabul qilingan. Maqolada Finlyandiya, Ispaniya, Buyuk Britaniya va AQSh kabi mamlakatlarda multikultural tarix ta’limini joriy etish bo‘yicha xalqaro tajribalar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, darsliklarda turli madaniyatlar, elatlar va ijtimoiy qatlamlar (shu jumladan, ayollar, bolalar, ozchiliklar va chetda qolgan guruhlar) tarixining muvozanatli aks ettirilishi o‘quvchilarda bag‘rikenglik (tolerantlik) va empatiyani shakllantirishga, tarixiy ong va tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Shu bilan birga, maqolada milliy o‘zlikni saqlagan holda boshqa madaniyatlarga nisbatan hurmat va keng dunyoqarashni tarbiyalashning pedagogik mexanizmlari, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston ta’lim tizimida multikultural va inklyuziv tarix ta’limini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
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