GERMANY AND SPAIN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMY, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES

GERMANY AND SPAIN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMY, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES

Authors

  • Qudratova Madina Raxmatjon qizi Master's student at the International Nordic University

Keywords:

Culture, cross-cultural typology, economic development, comparative analysis, high-context, low-context, individualism, collectivism.

Abstract

This article analyzes Germany and Spain through a cross-cultural comparative typology approach. The main objective of the study is to analyze the economic, social, and cultural characteristics of these two countries to identify their similarities and differences. The study is based on the theories of Geert Hofstede, Edward T. Hall, and Fons Trompenaars.

References

Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Valued, Behaviors, Institutional, and Organizations Across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Hofstede, G. & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor Boks.

Hall, E. T., & Hall, M. R. (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (2012). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

European Commission. (2023). European Economy – Country Profiles: Germany and Spain.

https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geert-hofstede-gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-national-culture/

http://changingminds.org/explanations/culture/hall_culture.htm

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Published

2026-01-01
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