RIVOJLANISH PSIXOLOGIYASIDA KRIZIS DAVRLARI VA ULARNING SHAXS SHAKLLANISHIDAGI PSIXOLOGIK MEXANIZMLARI
Keywords:
rivojlanish psixologiyasi, yosh krizislari, L.S. Vygotskiy, D.B. Elkonin, Erik Erikson, psixosotsial rivojlanish, identiklik, yangi psixologik shakllanish, emerging adulthood, rivojlanish o‘tishlari.Abstract
Ushbu maqolada rivojlanish psixologiyasidagi krizis davrlari shaxs taraqqiyotining normativ burilish nuqtalari sifatida nazariy-qiyosiy yondashuv asosida tahlil qilinadi. L.S. Vygotskiyning yosh dinamikasi va ijtimoiy rivojlanish vaziyati haqidagi qarashlari, D.B. Elkoninning psixik rivojlanishni davrlashtirish modeli hamda E. Eriksonning psixosotsial rivojlanish konsepsiyasi o‘zaro qiyoslanadi. Bolalik va o‘smirlikdagi tug‘ilish, bir yosh, uch yosh, maktabga kirish va o‘smirlik krizislarining psixologik mexanizmlari, shuningdek ilk kattalik, o‘rta yosh va keksalikdagi rivojlanish o‘tishlari yoritiladi. Maqolada “krizis” tushunchasini patologik holat bilan aynanlashtirmaslik, uni rivojlanish vazifalari, ijtimoiy rollar, identiklik va shaxsning o‘zini boshqarish tizimidagi qayta qurilishlar bilan bog‘liq jarayon sifatida talqin qilish zarurligi asoslanadi. Nazariy tahlil natijasida yosh krizislarini tushuntiruvchi “ziddiyat - qayta qurilish - yangi psixologik shakllanish - moslashuv” modeli taklif etiladi. Natijalar psixologik maslahat, pedagogik kuzatuv va yoshga mos profilaktik yordamni tashkil etishda qo‘llanishi mumkin.
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